Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type-I transmembrane proteins with extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs and an intracellular Toll/interleukin-1R (TIR) domain. TLR genes are restricted to ...
Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...