The paper proposes the full linearization of nonlinear characteristics of flow control valves via variable gear ratio design. The inherent nonlinear function of the normalized valve capacity ...

Variable frequency drives (VFDs), also known as variable speed drives (VSDs), are used to modulate the speed of motors in various applications, from hydronic water pumping to VAV fan units to vacuum ...

Optimizing any cooling plant for minimal energy consumption is a demanding science. In many cases, minimizing chiller plant energy consumption requires modifications to the plant design, including ...

Flow control is the attempt to favorably modify a flow field’s characteristics compared to how the flow would have developed naturally along the surface. Natural flyers and swimmers exploit flow ...