Fig 1. A DP-QPSK transmitter and a coherent receiver with ADC and DSP are key analog components for long-distance transmission systems. Fig 2. Shown is the measured (blue, green) and simulated (red) ...

Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulators are used to change the amplitude, frequency, and/or phase of a carrier signal in order to transmit information.

Fig 1. In this view of the architecture of an optical analyzer, the coherent reference receiver serves as the optical front end to the digitizer, taking as inputs two single-mode fibers, one carrying ...

As telecommunication technologies evolve there is an on-going drive for the development of high-performance systems for radio communications. Part of that evolution involves implementing components in ...