Birth, most people would agree, is a fairly important event. And poetry, most people would agree, tends to focus on subjects of intense emotional significance. So one would think the poetry of early ...

Modern Urdu poem, or ‘jadeed nazm’, is a genre that is comparatively young. It was born in 1874. In comparison, Urdu ghazal is as old as Urdu literature itself and Ameer Khusrau (who died in the year ...

Frances W. Pritchett, a well-known critic of Urdu and professor at Columbia University, writes: “To me ghazal’s reliance on its wonderful networks of images and conventions makes it very clear that ...

Texts comprising only quotations of somebody else’s work are often referred to as plagiarism. Many researchers have also rejected Late Antique Latin cento poetry – cento means patchwork in Latin – as ...