Surgery was rare and risky in the medieval period. Though medical options were limited, trans people were able to take transitioning into their own hands.

Although the adjective "medieval" continues to be used disparagingly to imply backwardness in medical and scientific knowledge, this history of preventive medicine shows us something different.

Scholarship of medieval literature and historical records reveals how transgender people transitioned even without a robust medical system—instead, they changed their clothes, name and social ...

Scholarship of medieval literature and historical records reveals how transgender people transitioned even without a robust medical system – instead, they changed their clothes, name and social ...