MUHAMMAD SHAMSIT’DDIN, better known by the nom de plume of Hâfiz, was born early in the fourteenth century of the Christian era. It is impossible to determine the exact date of his birth, but the ...

To Baron von Hammer Purgstall, who died in Vienna during the last year, we owe our best knowledge of the Persians. He has translated into German, besides the “ Divan ” of Hafiz, specimens of two ...

In March 1986 Sayyid Ali Khamenei, who would three years later become Iran’s supreme leader, gave a speech at a major conference in Tehran on the Indian poet-philosopher Muhammad Iqbal. Iqbal lived in ...